Taken from a Boston globe article (By Robert David Sullivan | January 18, 2004)
The 10 regions of US politics
By Robert David Sullivan | January 18, 2004
The regions are based on voting returns from both national and state elections, demographic data from the US Census, and certain geographic features such as mountain ranges and coastlines. Each region represents about one-tenth of the national electorate, casting between 10.4 million and 10.8 million votes in the 2000 presidential election. To win in 2004, a candidate will have to win at least five regions, and preferably six.
Northeast Corridor
The Northeast Corridor begins in Connecticut's Fairfield County and stops in Montgomery County, Md., just short of the nation's capital. This is by far the most densely populated region, as well as the most affluent and the best-educated, though its population growth is well behind the national average. Al Gore won 62 percent of the vote here in 2000, the best showing by a Democrat in any region since Lyndon Johnson was on the ballot four decades ago.
Upper Coasts
The Upper Coasts region is anchored in the east by Boston and in the west by San Francisco. It includes several high-tech centers, including Boston's Route 128 and the Microsoft headquarters near Seattle. Upper Coasts is relatively affluent and well-educated, but it is characterized by sluggish population growth, in part because of its relatively high cost of living. The region is arguably more liberal than the Northeast Corridor, but it's less reliably Democratic, partly because third-party candidates do relatively well here.
The Farm Belt
The Farm Belt region begins in Canton, Ohio, home of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and includes the city of Cincinnati, noted for its vigorous enforcement of obscenity laws. In the West, it extends to Dodge City, Kan., the setting for TV's "Gunsmoke." The Farm Belt has the smallest nonwhite population of any region, and it ranks first in the number of adults who have finished high school but have gone no further in their education. It is the only solidly Republican region with lower-than-average population growth.
Big River
The Big River region, which follows the Mississippi from northern Minnesota to Memphis, includes such touchstones of nostalgia as Mark Twain's boyhood home in Hannibal, Mo., and the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville. It has unusually low numbers of both high-school dropouts and post-graduate degree holders. Big River has been the most closely contested region in presidential politics over the past 30 years, and the only one never to give either party more than 55 percent during this period.
Appalachia
Democratic consultant James Carville described Pennsylvania as consisting of Philadelphia in the east, Pittsburgh in the west, and "Alabama in the middle." Accordingly, the Appalachia region follows the mountain range from Pennsylvania to Mississippi. It is the most rural and most impoverished region, but it keeps pace with the national average in terms of population growth, and it shows signs of economic progress. Appalachia swung dramatically toward the GOP in 1980 and hasn't looked back since.
Sagebrush
This region is named after the Sagebrush Rebellion of the late 1970s, which was fueled by resentment toward the federal bureaucracy. Occupying about half the land area of the United States, it includes parts of 17 states. Most are in the West, but the region also includes libertarian-minded parts of New Hampshire and Maine. It is the fastest growing region, and in 2000 it was Gore's worst region -- but it was only Bush's third-best, thanks to a relatively high vote for third-party candidates.
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes region takes in the major urban centers along those bodies of water and also dips into Pennsylvania to include the city of Pittsburgh. While its biggest city, Chicago, has been relatively stable in population, sharp declines in Buffalo, Cleveland, and Detroit mean that even Democratic candidates must hunt for votes far from urban centers. Fortunately for the Democrats, the big suburban counties have been trending their way.
Southern Comfort
Southern Comfort follows the Gulf Coast from Fort Myers, Fla., west to Houston. It also reaches as far north as Branson, Mo. This is the second-fastest growing of all 10 regions, but it's close to the national average in terms of income and education. Fifty years ago, this area would have been part of the "Solid South" dominated by the Democratic Party. Since then, both native conservatives and "snow birds" moving here from northern states have made it the most Republican region in the country.
Southern Lowlands
Southern Lowlands begins in Prince George's County, Md., and ends on the banks of the Mississippi River in Louisiana. It has the largest percentage of African Americans among the 10 regions, but that reliably Democratic voting group is matched here by some of the most Republican counties in the United States. The region is near the middle of the pack in terms of income and education, and it boasts healthy population growth. It has moved toward the GOP in recent years, but it's still a swing region overall.
El Norte
El Norte is the youngest and most Hispanic of the 10 regions, ranking first in the percentage of its population who are between the ages of 18 and 35. The region starts in San Jose, Calif., heads toward Mexico, then hugs the border all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. El Norte also includes Denver, Las Vegas, and Miami. While Gore carried the region overall in 2000, it is not uniformly Democratic, and mostly Hispanic districts in Florida and Texas have recently sent conservative Republicans to Congress.